![]() ![]() Although various techniques, such as in situ culture, high-throughput culture, resuscitation stimulation, and cell sorting, have promoted research on uncultured microorganisms, most microorganisms remain unculturable ( Xie et al., 2021). However, the identification and culture of microorganisms is an important prerequisite for this strategy. Synthetic microbial consortia formed by this strategy have been shown to be more effective than single strains in terms of the synthesis or degradation of organic matter ( Zuroff and Curtis, 2012). This strategy refers to the establishment of a stable co-cultivation system for multiple bacterial groups in accordance with certain principles to perform desired functions. We first select stable communities with relatively strong functions from the community library and then apply ecological perturbations to generate neighborhood variation thereby, the communities gradually approach stable states with maximal functions.Īssembly is the main concept in the “top-down” strategy. The community state in the graph is determined by the abundance of different species in the stabilized community (this graph is simplified to show only two dimensions). Microbial community structure-function graphs are constructed from multiple stable communities with different functions. Gradient dilution of the original community to extinction is performed to obtain a synthetic consortium with relatively few species but functional stability. A stable synthetic consortium is obtained through ongoing environmental filtering of the original community. Three specific methods for obtaining synthetic consortia are shown here based on this strategy. Using natural microbial communities, physical and chemical parameters are optimized in a bioreactor to maximize the community function. ![]() Different species are assembled according to rules to obtain synthetic consortia with specific functions. Overview of two classic strategies used to obtain synthetic microbial consortia. In addition to these two classic strategies, there is also a construction strategy that combines the two strategies.įigure 1. Two classic engineering strategies, “top-down” and “bottom-up,” are used to obtain synthetic microbial consortia ( Figure 1). Synthetic microbial consortia, like synthetic biology broadly, are based on a closed-loop research method of design-build-test-learn (DBTL) ( Lawson et al., 2019) and have the characteristics of engineering. Synthetic microbial consortia have wide applications and represent the intersection of synthetic biology and microbiology. An important emerging area of research in synthetic biology is the development of synthetic microbial consortia, which refers to artificial consortia systems constructed by co-cultivating two or more microorganisms under certain environmental conditions ( De Roy et al., 2014 Grosskopf and Soyer, 2014). Synthetic biology has extensive applications in the fields of energy, medicine, and environmental science. It can also be used to redesign existing natural biological systems. The goal of synthetic biology is to design and manipulate bio-based parts, devices, and systems to create new functions. Synthetic biology is an applied discipline in which engineering principles are applied to system design ( Kitney and Freemont, 2012). ![]() The concept of synthetic biology was developed in the last century. Additionally, we propose methods for constructing synthetic microbial consortia based on traits and spatial structure from the perspective of ecology to provide a basis for future work. Although there are many strategies for the construction of synthetic microbial consortia, we mainly introduce the most widely used construction principles based on cross-feeding. In this review, we focus on the environmental applications of synthetic microbial consortia. Synthetic microbial consortia tend to have high biological processing efficiencies, because the division of labor reduces the metabolic burden of individual members. Synthetic community systems are constructed by co-cultivating two or more microorganisms under certain environmental conditions, with broad applications in many fields including ecological restoration and ecological theory. The development of synthetic microbial consortia represents the intersection of synthetic biology and microbiology. In synthetic biology, engineering principles are applied to system design. 2College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.1Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.Yu Liang 1,2 Anzhou Ma 1,2* Guoqiang Zhuang 1,2 ![]()
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